Yeah, I just noticed Mattri's ballistics there.
2600 FPS for a 140 out of a 260 is way off. I know guys that have ran the 142s out of their 260 at 3100 FPS. I'd say conservative numbers on a 260 with a 140 are more like 2850 FPS, at least that's about where Hodgdon's manual puts the 260 at with a 140.
I don't know what 140 grain only has a BC of .520 either, but there are 140s out there that are .620.
Putting a .277's best case bullet and velocity against the poorest case for a .260 isn't exactly apples to apples and is quite skewed.
.260 at a conservative 2850 FPS, 200 yard zero, 10 MPH:
300 yards - 6.98", 1805 Ftlbs
500 yards - 39.67", 1423 Ftlbs
1000 yards - 274", 744 Ftlbs Wind? 67"
1000 yards for that 140 grain .277"? 305" drop, 559 Ftlbs. Wind? 87"
The energy on those two loads, a 140 at 2850 and 2900 are nearly identical at muzzle for energy, after 100 yards the 260 will have more energy the farther you go out.
I'm not saying one is more accurate than another, that comes down to individual rifles more than anything. The 260 handily beats the .270 in regards to energy down range, drop, wind deflection, recoil, and sectional density.
To me short action versus long isn't much of a weight issue but more rigidity and handling issue for faster follow up shots. To me though, it's really a non-issue in the grand scheme.
The real answer to me in what cartridge wins in this debate though is the .280 - it offers the best of both of these cartridges. I have no idea why anybody gets a .270 when the .280 exists.
Wayne