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Leveled and Aligned!

The kind like you have- a geared head with 4 leveling screws on the spindle end

I don't know that what I did is anything special among those who know that they are doing. It was just the first time I was shown how to do it, so the credit for this approach goes to a Bruce A. Thom.

Start with only the four outer leveling bolts. Leave the inner bolts on the headstock out of play for a while.

Use a very precise level. They are not expensive. Mine is .0002" over 8" of accuracy, though the level itself is 10" long, IIRC.

Calibrate the level. All that entails is placing it on a surface and note the reading, then turn it 180 degrees and note the reading. Adjust the calibration screw on the level and the turn the level 180 degrees and check the reading. Go back and forth until the level reads the same in both directions.

Get some 123 blocks so you can place the level across the ways. Also, make sure there are no dirt or burrs on the 123 blocks, ways, or level. Use a ruby stone to smooth if needed.

Put the level on 123 blocks on the ways at the head. Note exactly where you place the blocks . where you place the level on the blocks, and how you orient the level--mark these locations with a felt marker if needed. Note the reading and adjust the outer leveling bolts until level.

Then move the 123 blocks to the tail, again noting exactly where you place the blocks and the level. Adjust the leveling bolts until the tail is level across the ways.

Then go back to the head and place the 123 blocks and level where you had them before. It will be out. Leave it be for a while and give the lathe a chance to untwist.

Periodically move the blocks and level to the head or tail as appropriate, adjust the levelers, then let it set. Do this until it seems that your are simply making the same adjustment each time and the lathe isn't getting any more level. When that happens, leave it overnight so it will more fully untwist.

The next day go back and check level. It will probably be much closer and require finer adjustments. When you are getting close it's time to bring all four headstock leveling bolts, as well as the lock nuts. into play.

The big concern is to be the same reading across the ways at the head and tail of the lathe.
 

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