>> My first question would be, how many time had 
>> it been reloaded?
4 times.  Full length resized after the first firing, then neck sized for the next three, this was the second full length resizing.  And, if it matters, I seldom venture anywhere near max loads.
>> If this was a first or second reloading my next 
>> question would be, What type of lubrication are you using.
Lyman spray lube.
>>  My third question would be how do you clean 
>>  and prep your cases before sizing?
Tumbled in walnut, wiped clean, trimmed to length using a Wilson trimmer, case mouth chamfered using a RCBS chamfering tool, sprayed liberally with Lyman spray lube, rolled and sprayed again.
>>  My fourth question is does your die have 
>>  any tool marks, corrosion, or trash in the 
>>  die walls?
Not that I could detect, other cases don't have any scratches or dents or orther signs of die problems.
>>  If you are bumping the shoulder too hard you may be 
>>  crushing and/or expanding your case into the die wall. 
>>  After several loadings you have weakened the case to 
>>  the point of seperation.
A possibility, I'll have to more closely check the die setting in the future.
>>  .223s usually pull the case head off when stuck 
>>  in a die.
I don't think it was stuck, though that's always possible.  Since the first time I stuck a case in a die many years ago I always make sure they are clean and well lubed.
>>  Case neck splits and splits at the web are more 
>>  common with the .223 than shoulder seperations.
Still, the question is, is there a way to have detected this before it happened?  I know how to check the case body around the web for case thinning, but is there a way to check the upper part of the case?