This is definitely an issue with 308 'Palma' brass ammunition, although it depends on the make/grade of powder in the load and how easily it ignites. I've long been wary when temperatures drop below 5-deg C or thereabouts with some combinations, so very much in your 40F or under ballpark. This is an issue as we have year round F-Class matches - my primary club started its championship series off last Saturday, only 5th January - so we can get down to freezing on occasions even in the mild British climate.
When 308 Palma brass first appeared in the UK, I did a side by side comparison of standard v small primer Lapua on a (deliberately selected) chilly winter's day with temperatures around 2-3 deg C and placed the ammunition on the bench so that it was in the line of a cool wind. There were charge-ranges of three or four different powders, Viht N140 and N150 as single-based types, N550 for one with nitroglycerin content, and a long-established 'ball' grade, Hodgdon spherical H414 given this type's known propensity for needing more aggressive ignition especially in low temperatures. The only powder where the Palma loads proved inferior was Viht N140 with very disappointing ES values and group sizes. Its Palma loads were reshot a few months later in the spring and 'normal service' was resumed in higher temperatures, so this powder at any rate appeared to be sensitive to ignition strength in low temperatures. The biggest surprise was H414 where not only did the SP cartridges produce same or more usually better ES ranges than LRP and slightly smaller groups, but MVs were also slightly higher for any given charge weight - completely the reverse of normal SP v LP results.
I wouldn't read a ball powder affinity to milder primer power into this finding though. I had Hodgdon's / Gen Dynamics - St. Marks Powder Co. CFE223 fail completely on me with 308 Palma loads a couple of years back, and not in what one would call low temperatures either. Three figure ES values with some charge weights, low MVs until just before maximum when they suddenly shot up, hangfires across the board, and two ex fifty rounds complete misfires. On pulling the FtFs, both primers had fired and were quite burned out, but I could find no affected powder granules in the charges - no clumping, scorching, loss of graphite coatings etc. As far as I could see, the charges seemed completely unaffected by the primer action. (I also tried the powder in standard LP brass the same day with the same make of primer and although I found CFE 'peaky', there were no ignition issues, and reasonable ES values - in top, full pressure loads anyway.)
There is a faction on this forum that argues that SP / small flash-hole is only usable up to and including the 6.5X47mm Lapua case and that it is inefficient / liable to fail in anything with higher capacity. I wouldn't agree with this view - thousands of 308 Win FTR shooters around the planet using them successfully rather disputes this view - but I suspect that not ALL powders will work well in them, and certainly so when low temperatures add to the primer's workload. Somebody (maybe Alex Wheeler?) in the discussion on this issue in another thread said that newly introduced 243 Win SP brass gave poor ESs in heavy bullet H1000 match loads.