As usual Boyd, you bring up good points that can get people a bit confused with what they measure vs what actually can happen.
While I've never seen the body to shoulder area vary much, I have often seen the shoulder to neck area vary by quite a bit in length, especially so with bushing dies.
What happens is that the hole thru the bushing shelf is commonly quite a bit larger than neck diameter and if you're loading hot or just after several firings of the same brass, you can see that area at the top of the shoulder, just below the neck..that never gets touched by the die, grow in length. It's typically above the actual datum for a cartridge, so it doesn't get measured there and will create bump error as well as bolt closure and even extraction issues that can be hard to detect with some combinations. Bottom line, if the die can't get to it, it will not bump back and if using a datum diameter comparator, it can't get measured either.
Will have to look but I might have some extreme examples laying around where it's quite visible. I'll check if I remember. Lol!