It's because of different chambers between the pair. The presumption with any loading manual data is that the tester has used a SAAMI or CIP compliant test-barrel and chamber. This is hugely restrictive in 223 Rem even for standard 12-twist factory rifles where the manufacturer often provides more freebore than standard spec to reduce pressures and limit liabilities in the event of over-loaded / 5.56 military ammunition producing an accident. Sierra's Bolt-Gun data tables almost certainly conform to this (SAAMI-spec) model.
The Sierra AR data however use a Colt AR15-A2 HBAR for testing which has the 5.56 NATO chamber with a freebore over double the length of SAAMI 223 and a shallower angle leade (the bevelled start to the lands) of 1.2 or 1.5-deg vs 3-deg which allow long bullets to be seated much further out for a longer COAL and reduce pressures irrespective of the load combination. The AR loads are therefore higher within the same Pmax ceiling. In fact, I wonder if the HBAR chamber has more freebore than the standard NATO as Sierra quotes the 80gn SMK COAL (for single-loaded use) at 2.550-inch and I know from having had a rifle chambered in the similar freebore but tighter-clearance Wylde chamber that 2.440 or thereabouts was max COAL before jamming this bullets into the lands.
As well as being an interesting read in itself, Luckygunner's take on this (223 vs 5.56 specs and pressures) aspect of the 223 is useful, especially the table of different chamber reamer dimensions showing the differences.
https://www.luckygunner.com/labs/5-56-vs-223/
When you get into 223 Rem in mid and long-range precision shooting with very fast twists, specialised chambers and 85-95gn bullets, the 0.169" freebore PT&G '223 ISSF' match chamber is the mere starting point. L-R FTR 223 Rem specialists such as
@Ned Ludd who has many posts on this forum on 223 FTR rifle specs, bullets, and loads are running chambers with freebores well over 200 thou' these days as opposed to the SAAMI chamber with all of 25 thou' and its steeper leade angle resulting in 90 and 95gn bulleted cartridges with COALs of around 2.7/2.8" same as standard 308 Win.
With the huge variety of chambered barrels in use, the 223 is in effect no longer a single cartridge design (if it ever was) and many people are loading for wildcat versions these days, or at any rate alternative standard versions (such as the excellent and very effective Wylde chambered barrels used in many custom AR15s).