FWIW
Not to go down the list of other ways to look at twist for the time being, and just running the AB code, I will run the Sg numbers for the 40 VMax at sea level and a DA of 4000 feet so you can see the effect of the altitude.
I'll use a conservative speed of 3600 fps to make it more difficult, but speed is a weak effect compared to Density Altitude, so running faster wouldn't make as big of a difference as altitude.
40 VMax at sea level
Twist Sg
14, 0.6
12, 0.82
11, 0.98
10, 1.18
9, 1.46
40 VMax as above but at DA of 4000
Twist Sg
14, 0.68
12, 0.92
11, 1.10
10, 1.33
9, 1.64
I shoot way more 40s and 39s than I do 32s. I have had twists from 12 on up and have shot as low as sea level, but I am usually at 2650 ASL as a low and generally hunt well above that altitude in other states.
For my own comments, I never understood why the factory bbls came in 12 twists. My first WOA varmint upper was a 10 twist and those have all been awesome. When I started with a factory Rem Sendero style bolt gun, the 12 twist was marginal at 2650 ASL, and not good in wind at all on some days. It can shoot bugholes inside 200 yards, but go any farther and give it any cross wind or one of those days when the DA goes the wrong way, and it falls apart. In my view, it is really only good for 32 grain bullets. I then understood why John made his uppers in 10 twist and the math supports what my eyes were telling me... that a 12 twist "might work" with 40VMax but it might not depending on the cross wind and the DA
I still have that Rem 700 with the original factory 12 twist bbl. I used the rig a little on a few trips but to be honest it is a beautiful rig to run but it just doesn't cut it past 300 yards in wind, where everything else I run shoots great no matter the weather or altitude.
I know some folks who love the 12 twist and defend their view with their own targets and experiences, but I am just sharing what my own work was telling me. YMMV