From Article 1, Section 8. Congressional responsibility.
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Which carries the weight? The Article or the Amendment. One over the other or both equally. Which “State”, the whole (country) or the one? The states, individually, are tasked with appointing Officers and training the militia. Yet, Congress is tasked in organizing, arming, and disciplining. Congress can call up the militias to be “employed” by the United States. Is that employed by use, or employed with pay, or both? Does a militia need be a public entity or could it be a private entity? Has militia evolved to mean National Guard, or is it truly militia, as in citizen soldiers? And why couldn’t a militia be considered to be those released from active obligated duty, but whose oath to defend has not and will not ever expire.
Fodder for hours of lively discussion to be sure.