I am going to go with the best cartridge based on the 223 parent case is the 223. The next best is a 6x45.
Now you have me trying to remember all of them. I am adding 222 Remington to the list, which is the parent to the 223. Some of the names are redundant or no longer mainstream.
.17 Cal: 17 Mach IV, 17 Fireball, 17 Javelina, 17-222, 17-223, 17 Tactical, 17 Remington
.19 Cal: 19-223 Calhoon
.20 Cal: 20 Vartarg, 20 Vartarg Turbo, 20 Practical, 20 Tactical
.22 Cal: 221 Fireball, 222, 223. 223AI
6mm: 6x45. 6-223, 6x45AI, 6TCU
.25 Cal: 25TCU, 25x45 Sharp
6.5mm: 6.5 TCU
6.8mm/.270 Cal: 277 Wolverine
7mm: 7TCU
.30 Cal: 30-221, 300 Whisper, 300 Blackout, 7.62x40WT, 300 HAM'R
... and the list goes on but not without my morning coffee.