Justin1098 said:
A complete answer would be very long. Here is a short one.
12 is varmint/target type rifles
10/11 is standard hunting and some tactical models
axis is cheap entry level hunting type
there isn't much difference between 10/11/12 except the 12 models with single shot precision target actions and very light triggers.
rjtfroggy said:
There are basicly no difference in the actions except for the finish, be it blue matte or stainless. The target action is a little different with lighter triggers and some with dual port.
All two digit models 10-16 are short action and all three digit models 110-116 are long action.
The Axis are an entry level gun with a very limited supply of aftermarket parts.The accu trigger does not fit and the barrels are small shank that come right off the savage line, so no difference in quality there. I don't own one so I can't give much info.
Justin and froggy give a pretty decent run-down on the Savage line. I can only "add" that there are 3 groups of Accu-trigger (PTA - Precision Target Action [lightest and "best"] - Varmit (and non-hunting) [pull weights down to 1.5 #] - and the std. Accu-trigger [pull weights down to 2.5 #]
The model 12's are considered to be the top line, but there are a couple of model 10's which use the PTA as well (tactical models). Axis are to be avoided as there are no real upgrade/build paths for that line (look to the Stevens models for a low-cost entry model to build on). Model 12 actions also seem to be more carefully produced and are less prone to having things like base mounting holes drilled off-line of the bore axis. PTA actions are rarely problematic in production.
Barrels are not considered to be different, but this is NOT the reality. While they do have the same mfg. model, the higher end target models have speciffically longer barrels which get the best craftsmen in production (straightening, etc.) and you can tell the difference at the range (those target barrels are almost equal to many aftermarket barrels in accuracy - but still are sub-par quality in terms of copper fouling, etc.)
Other than the HS Precission, McMillen, and laminated stocks, the factory Savage (plastic) stocks are throw-aways. The laminated stocks are OK, but many need some TLC in the action area to really bring the Savage legendary accuracy to fruition (most folks will skim bed them as they are ALL pillar bedded to begin with).
In general, most folks know that a model 12 will be a shooter out of the box (more-often-than-not) and/or can be tweaked easily to be an accruate shooter.
The "best" thing about Savages are that you don't need to be a gun smith to tweak them and make even a entry level (Stevens) a real shooter. Between the floating bolt-head and barrel-nut (adjustable headspacing), you can easily tweeak a savage with a little bit of knowledge and skill.
PS - froggy was a little incorrect in that the PTA actions are not at all like the other model 10/11/12 actions. ALL PTA actions are a more solid design with ports. They are also Large Shank only.