Here's a post on this very topic, from Boyd Allen. The information in it really helped my scales performance!
Boyd Allen
Registered User
Join Date: Feb 2003Location: FresnoPosts: 4,440
Clean and don't oil the agates that the knife edges sit on. Sharpen the knife edges so that when you look straight at the edge there are no visible shiny spots, and then burnish the edge with the side of a mechanical pencil lead. Spread the wire bail that supports the pan holder so that it can not shift from side to side on its knife edges, but does not press against the abutments at their ends. Level the base of the scale by pulling material from the cavity in the pan hanger and then adding small bits to the pan till the beam pointer is perfectly aligned with the center mark of the scale (with the base level), and then add the material to the hanger cavity. Borrow or buy a set of check weights, and check the accuracy of the scale at several weights. Consider if the main sliding weight needs adjustment. If it needs to be increased, this can be done with paint, and fine adjusted by scraping. (An easier way is with Scotch tape. leaving a tab sticking out to trim for fine adjustments, buy cutting off small pieces, and then sticking it down.) If your scale has a built-in plastic cover, consider not using it to avoid a static charge. I now store my 10-10 in the cardboard box that it came in, with a sample of "Formica" in one end, so that I can leave the leveling screw down, without punching a hole in the box, over time. Practice with a fixed weight to learn the tricks of using the scale so that it does a better job of repeating. (electronic scales have their own set of tricks, so this is not unique to balance scales.) Another thing that I have not done, is to mount a needle on the pointer scale (doesn't affect the balance of the beam) to make the scale easier to read. I have an inexpensive USB webcam that I use to project the image of the end of the pointer and its reference scale onto my computer monitor. If I remember correctly,it cost about $35. I have also figured out how to throw charges into the scale pain, with it on the scale, without powder bouncing out. With this setup I can shave a little off the time that it takes to throw and trickle a charge. The last frontier is the pan hanger hanger (the bent wire piece) if I can make it more stable on the knife edges, I will truly be finished.