Kurz
Silver $$ Contributor
I wonder how they got that? It should be a DD just like a grenade or the like
It’s the government everything is negotiable if you know the right people and have enough money
This cartridge and many others similarly designed, do not depend on either of the summations above.
These types of cartridges depend on the Sporting Use Exemption as noted in an above answer. It's a simple procedure using easily obtainable paperwork. You supply all the necessary information and submit it for review. I've been involved with two examples which were passed by the review and made into a reality. Do your job, be honest, supply all the required information and drawings. It's a straightforward procedure, nothing untoward, illegal or unscrupulous.
Without this waiver, we would not be able to produce the .577 T-Rex, .600 Overkill, .585 Nyati and the .600, .700 Nitro Express rifle cartridges. There other slightly more obscure examples but these make the point.
While none of these may interest you, it doesn't mean that they are of no interest to other shooters and hunters.
For reference, here is a 4-bore rifle cartridge (1.025" diameter):

I had the pleasure(?) of holding a handmade custom 4-bore double rifle by Jon Millar years ago when he stopped in the shop. No, I did not fire it!