On My varmint rifles that are small cases that shoot very small groups, I do not clean in between powders. However, some powders burn very dirty, and on overbore cases, cleaning every 25 or so rounds would surely help. I load at the rifle range. I clean after every outing which is 20-50 rounds max. depending on the cartridge.
I think that it is hard to make a general statement that cleaning after a powder change would help, but my frame of reference is only 15-20 shots fired on a given powder. When you shoot 60 or more shots,I would clean period, but there are exceptions. Of course, your shooting discipline is a consideration.
I think that Gunsmiths make the statement to clean in between powders to get people to clean their guns because they deal with so many filthy guns!
Not long ago, I shot these groups in a 22/250 AI barrel on a Savage single shot, IMR 4320, varget, wind was horrible. I had previously shot Win 760 with the 55's and they shot small groups also.
I am a firm believer in "Cleanliness is next to Godliness", I just have not seen how changing a powder at the rifle range when loading has destroyed the barrel's ability to shoot bug holes. When shooting my 7 Mags, I will change from IMR 4350 to R#22 then to IMR 7828, and then may go to Retumbo trying a 1.5g spread with each powder to see what that particular barrel may like. I will usually get some small groups with all powders where the bullets are all touching or much better.
A lot of these types of statements of cleaning in between powders is all about what makes you feel "lucky" or gives you confidence. Perhaps the wind is bad one day, you quit at the end of a string on a particular powder. The next time you come back to the range, the wind is more consistent or you are less stressed that day.
On medium size cases and small cases that are on benchrest quality rifles, I just have not seen a tremendous change in accuracy going from one powder to another while shooting 20-30 rounds of one powder, then changing powders. In fact, just the opposite is usually true. When I change powders, I usually find the next powder will shoot bug holes.
Some people do not walk under ladders because it is bad luck. Some people will not pick up a penny if tails is showing because it is bad luck. Bad luck to hand a pocket knife back to someone other than the way they handed it to you, etc.
If your gut feeling says to clean, then by all means you should clean.
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