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It will not make it “harder”. In fact, test have shown that the Rockwell Hardness of steel does not change at all after Cryo Treating.
What Cryo Treating reportingly does is help complete the transformation process from Austenite to Martensite in metals that respond various heat treating. There is anecdotal evidence that it improves machinability at a given strength level of certain materials. I do know that for a while Krieger was Cryo Treating their steel bars before machining, and had data showing that it did indeed aid in machinability and tool wear. I have also heard that they no longer do it.
My shop has had a few items Cryo Treated in years past. We machined a slewing gear shaft for one of our customer‘s tower cranes a couple of years ago. The factory shafts kept breaking, so they got a recommendation For a stronger material. The material was 4340, treated to 34 RC. The specs called for a Cryo Treat after machining. It is still up there running.
I have had a couple of barrels Cryo Treated, and could not ascertain any noticeable difference in the way they machined, cleaned, or shot. One was a particularly good 30 caliber 1-18 twist that I decided to see for myself, since it was a proven winner.
It shot no better or worse after. The one thing that I was 100 percent sure of was my wallet was lighter.