With a 9% increase in case capacity, you will see about a 2% increase in velocity. This assumes you are loading to the same pressures, with the same components, in the same barrel. The big gains reported by AI advocates are invariably produced by higher pressures. A favorite tact is to compare the AI version, loaded to the nuts, to an anemic factory loading. This isn't comparing apples to oranges; it's comparing lions to kittens.
In theory, one will see about the same improvement with a 6 Rem AI as with a 257 Roberts AI, and this is indeed the case. The thing is, the Roberts does not really yield the results claimed for it, for the reasons mentioned above. Load it hot, and the 257 Roberts performs a lot like it's AI variant.
The claim for reduced throat erosion seems intuitive and I accept it as being possible. Whether or not it makes enough difference to be significant, I can't say. I just have not seen sufficient data to prove it one way or the other.
When it comes to increasing case capacity, the only way it does much good is when the capacity of the cartridge is a limiting factor in achieving max pressure with a given powder. If, with the maximum load, you still have capacity to spare, you will gain little by increasing the capacity. If you are using a compressed load, and pressures are still low, you will benefit by making more room for more of that powder. In theory, a slower powder which achieves the same peak pressure will produce a higher velocity, but this gain is not always as substantial as one might hope. WH