In order to be certified as AISI 416R, a steel has to meet certain chemical criteria. These are not suggestions.
If a barrel company is marketing their barrels as 416R, they cannot arbitrarily substitute 410, or any other alloy in its place. Well, maybe they could, until they get caught.
Now, that does not have anything to do with the actual quality of the steel, which is determined by the manufacturing process, which with most “clean” steels is by some type of consumable electrode or VAR. Companies such as Jorgensen Steel class the quality of their alloy steels in categories such as commercial melt, aircraft quality, and premium aircraft quality. Chemically, the three categories meet the standards to be that alloy. However, the impurities, described as things that should not be in there, can affect everything from machinability to ductility.
Some years ago, a particular barrel maker was advertising his barrels as being made from a special 416R, giving the notion that a manufacturer was doing special batches just for him.
Since I did, and still do buy a lot of steel, I decided to see if one of my suppliers could do a product trace, and find out just exactly if this was true.
Well, long story short, he was using the same 416R as everybody else. When the trucks rolled, he got the next pile that was ready.
He as none too happy with me, and I got a scathing phone call. Not for what I had done, but for what he was claiming.
I have a lot of barrel drops. It will cost me $400, but I can take two drops from two different barrel makers over to the Lab we use and get a complete run down on them. Everything from the chemical makeup to the RC hardness. If I pay a little extra, sand furnishe pieces large enough, I can get a Charpy V Notch test performed to determine the ductility, which is a good indication of the cleanliness of the specimen at the molecular level.