For a long time, before I got a ShotMarker e-target, I go by okay doing the following:
Put up a piece of freshly painted steel for sighters. The problem for me was the wind... depending on the time of year, 'calm' days are kinda rare. I'd use the steel to get centered up before "going for it" on paper.
I'd put up some sort of large paper - usually 3' x 3', white, if I could manage it - and use colored bullets that would show the holes with a little love from a q-tip dipped in rubbing alcohol.
I generally did my 'ladders' in a round-robin fashion - shoot sighters to get centered up, then shoot one of each charge on paper. Let the barrel cool, then take a couple more sighters to check/confirm/correct for the wind condition, then shoot another round of each charge on paper. Rinse, lather, repeat for the third shot of each charge (and so on and so forth, if you want more shots per 'rung' of the ladder).
Maybe not the most 'efficient' approach, especially with the extra sighters to help account for wind changes. You can still get some good info at distance even with a bit of fluctuation in speed and/or direction, but if there are big pickups / let-offs, or if it's flat out switching... wait for another day.
When it was all said and done, I'd go down and collect the target, and start making notes on it as I identified which charge increment each hole belonged to. I'd extend lines out to the side, which created (sort of) a jitter plot along the Y-axis, and helped suss out where the charges were stacking up (or not).
Another option that works pretty well is if you have, or can get ahold of, an old digital video camera. At the time, I was using one of those that was about the size of a coke can. Nowadays, an old cell phone that can take decent video might work. Put it on a tripod in front of and off to the side of the target, zoomed in so you can see bullet holes clearly. If you have a clean sheet of paper for the ladder, you might want to tape/staple a target sheet with actual bullet holes up there during setup to make *sure* you can actually see the holes using the camera/video. Set it to record, go back to the line, and shoot your test as described above. When you're done, go collect the target paper and the camera. Play back the video, and mark off each hole as it appears in the video. Pro-tip: if you're using steel for getting centered up like described earlier, make sure that the splatter from the plate is *not* going to take out the camera. DAMHIKT...
