If performance is the sole, or main, criterion it'd be 6.5-284 (long-throat Norma version) or 6.5-06. Personally, I'd have 6.5-284, but others would disagree. Both need long actions, although you can get away with a shorter one with 6.5-284 if you're prepared to unload a live round by removing the bolt and accept not entirely ergonomic cartridge insertion.
(I'm assuming with your planned use, it's single-shot. If magazine feed is needed, then long actions for both.)
If you want to use a short action, it's a toss-up between three cartridges with very similar performance - 6.5X47 Lapua, 6.5mm Hornady Creedmoor, .260 Rem. All can drive 140s to surprisingly high MVs in an optimally throated target length barrel. The AI version of the .260 gives another 100 fps nearly. Of the trio, the .260 loses through its relatively long case that sees 140gn bullets seated deep unless the barrel is throated for COALs above 3.000" in which case the 6.5-284 action length / live round extraction issue arises again. The other two use shorter cases with more of the bullet exposed at sub 2.900" COALs and are ideal for short actions and magazine feed.
Other pros and cons? .260R / 6.5X47L have very good and very strong Lapua brass available. The 6.5X47L uses a small rifle size primer which is theoretically better for consistent pressures in this size case but can cause problems with factory action bolts / firing pins unless they are bushed. (Cup flows back into the firing pin hole giving cratering and piercing at less than full pressures.)
Personally, I like 6.5 Creedmoor from a design perspective, although I've yet to try it. (PT&G has twice lost the reamer orders that Vince Bottomley put in for 6BR-DX and slightly customised 6.5 Creedmoor reamers, so I've been hanging around for over a year waiting to try this one!) The snag here is only one source of brass (Hornady) and reports that while well made, it is a bit soft giving it a short life before the primer pockets loosen. You can re-form it out of Lapua .260R (or .22-250R??) though.
There is also an oldie but goodie, the 6.5X55mm which has Lapua and Norma brass available and is a potent round when run at full pressures in a modern action with good cases. You can push it to 3,000 fps with 140s in a 30" barrel, but 2,900-2,940 fps is more sensible. In AI form, it nearly produces 6.5-284 performance but with a 100% case fill-ratio whereas most loads still have some airspace in the 6.5-284. Dies are an issue for the AI form as I've yet to see any off the shelf models listed. You do need a long action, although I run this cartridge in a rebarrelled Savage 12 F Class rifle with very good results. On the odd occasion I have to unload a live round, it needs bolt withdrawal.
Finally, there is the barrel life question. A moderately loaded 260 etc will give you 2,000-3,000 rounds, really hot 6.5-284 Norma examples only 600-800, the others in between. You can push 6.5X47L to 2,900 with 140s from a 30" barrel, but barrel accuracy life drops dramatically as a result.