This pair come from different manufacturers and use different technologies. Both are 'double-based' in the commonly used meaning of incorporating nitoglycerin (as do all Alliant powders).
Re23 is manufactured for Alliant ATK by Bofors in Karlskoga, Sweden, incorporates an anti-coppering agent and the recently introduced 'TZ' temperature stability technology. It is therefore in the same series as Alliant AR-Comp and Re16, both of which are well proven as excellent performers over large ambient and barrel chamber temperature ranges.
Re26 is a Swiss manufactured product from Nitrochemie Wimmins AG in its 'high-energy' and 'EI' grade range. The former means it is technically a single-based type, but at a later stage in the production process, nitroglycerin was infused into the kernels to increase its density and energy content. 'EI' is Nitrochemie's unique patented deterrents infusion process that gives much greater depth in the kernel than traditional surface coating and controls burning and the initial peak-pressure spike for a longer period allowing considerably higher MVs within the same PMax as a non-EI type with otherwise similar characteristics. That means it's a different burning rate stablemate to Re17, Re33 and Re50, all from the same source and employing the same ingredients and techniques even if (say) nitroglycerin content / specific energy values vary.
That would
suggest (I stress that word given an absence of direct experience of these powders other than Re17 and a couple of Europe only RS grades) that it will behave similarly to the other Nitrochemie 'EI' grades in the Alliant Reloder line-up as well as other Reload Swiss RS rifle cartridge grades that we have in Europe - in fast to slow burning rates RS40, 52, and 70 roughly equivalent to very high performing versions of H4895, VarGet/Re15, and Re22 in burning rate terms. The experience with these products sees the combination of 'high-energy' and 'EI' early burn control give unparalleled performance when loaded to maximum allowed pressures and that they're usually pretty flexible as to applications. The downsides are reduced barrel life (if peak pressures are employed) and some of these powders show a tendency to being temperature affected. (Note that Alliant claims
- Controlled temperature stability
on its website attributes for Re26 which it doesn't for Re17.)
So, as always you pays your money and makes your choice and it depends what you're looking for.