How much removal (.001, .0015, 002 . . .???) will cause something like .0005 larger inside diameter?The stress of neck turning affects how well the brass fits on the mandrel, and the amount of stress depends upon how much material is being removed. After turning the inside diameter will be larger than when you start.
When I'm prepping competition brass I use two neck turning tools, one for roughing and one for just a light finishing pass. The finishing tool has a mandrel that is 0.0005" larger than the one I use for roughing. This compensates for the growth that occurs during roughing and results in more consistent wall thickness.
I take up to .0015 off the necks of my .308 and 6.5 PRC cases and don't see any kind of growth as you describe and get very consistent wall thickness (like within less than .0002). . . at least, according my my tools (e.g. Mitutoyo caliper and micrometer). I guess you have tools that measure better than mine to detect this phenomenon???