I worked as a machinist throughout the '80s and '90s, running centerless grinders, blanchard grinders and various other surface grinders, mills and lathes. These were manual machines from the '30s through the '60s, never designed for usage into the realm of .0001". By constantly using calibration blocks, keeping the mic and materials clean, I was able to regularly hold +/- .00025 or better. It took a lot of practice and patience to achieve this. On my finish passes I ran the pieces numerous times with no adjustment to achieve this precision. I measured literally 100s or more pieces per day for about 20 years. Quality control checked my work constantly and passed it. It takes awhile, but does come about. It is not the price of the micrometer, but rather using the same tool everyday. I then used and still use a noname Polish made mic as well as the name brand items. With a lot of practice, you can make a calibration block read the same, while your eyes are closed, in other words, .0001 readings are possible with a micrometer. Calipers are only good for rough measurements, never a finish dimension!
For what it is worth, we made parts for the ISS for Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, before anyone had herd of the ISS. It is still up there.
A TIP: When using a micrometer, using the space between buttons on the front of your shirt, lightly close the mic and pull it up and down to clean it. Then take your measurement. Also, use calibration blocks on a regular basis that are very close to your final measurement. They will let you know when to adjust your mic for a .0001 plus or minus adjustment.