CJ, there are so many "bunny trails" to your question, that there really isn't any viable answer. "Target rifle" is a category that covers from 100-yd. paper-punching to 1,000-yd. metal, and many disciplines in between. Almost no type of "target rifle" is inexpensive. The very concept of shooting a "target rifle" indicates one intends to shoot competitively, either against his buddies, the gang at the range, or in serious competition.
If you want an accurate rifle, that shoots well, and gives you satisfaction to shoot, there are quite a few options. If you want an after-market barrel, trued or custom action, top level stock and finishing, then you have left the world of "budget". Also, I'm not a big fan of .243 WCF as a "target" caliber, but I'm sure it can be made to shoot very well.
A top-quality factory rifle from Remington, Ruger, Savage, etc., that you can expect to get any kind of "target" accuracy out of, will cost you $1,200 or more. If you have the action blueprinted, add an after-market trigger, you will add about $600. A good barrel chambered and installed will go $400 up.
If "target" accuracy is what you really want, my suggestion would be to go directly to Shooters Corner, look down their "list", call the White's and make a deal. A good, used-but-still-useable custom rifle will run $1,500 to $2,000 and save you lots of frustration and money. A good solid chassis (stock, action, trigger) can be rebarreled many times with no loss of integrity.
If you are wed to the .243 WCF and looking more for a good varmint rifle that shoots good, the Ruger (
http://www.gunsamerica.com/932380432/RUGER_M77_MK_II_TARGET_LAMINATE_SS_243_WIN.htm) is a good place to start. It is not a rifle to "build up" into a target rifle and most factory guns aren't. But it will easily shoot 1/2 MOA, hold its own at an egg shoot, etc., and give you some experience to decide which way you want to go.
I've been the "affordable" route through several Savage's, several Ruger's, etc. and had lots of fun, learned a lot about shooting and equipment and handloading. But if you want "target accuracy" take the advice of "spend once, cry once" and get a piece of equipment built from the ground up to have consistent accuracy. There are hundreds of guns out there with Shilen, Hall, Hart, Nesika, etc., actions that are not at the top of the current state-of-the-art competition game but still have the capability of being in the game. Good place to start and then learn what direction to go.
Good luck and shoot small ...