The benefits are two-fold.
The main one is reduced MV spreads which is important to the long range shooter as it's essential to have a small range of velocities otherwise you get vertical stringing on the target. That's why the initiative involved the US Palma team whose members are by definition using the cartridge at 800, 900, and 1,000 yards, and Lapua has also named this brass as 'Palma Match' to differentiate it from the regular variety. You wouldn't see much if any benefit at shorter ranges. So, likely users will be long-range Fullbore / Target Rifle, Palma and especially F/TR shooters who want to minimise their elevation spreads at these ranges.
The other benefit as reported by team members after using the trial cases throughout the last season is that they found much less variablity in primer performance between manufacturing lots with SR magnum and BR types than in equivalent large rifle types, so worries about getting a 'good batch' can now be forgotten - allegedly. Remember, it's not just a small primer pocket, but the new case uses the small (0.061" dia) flash-hole size as per PPC, BR and 6.5X47L brass, this regarded as a 'good thing' in itself for ignition consistency
When Remington made small primer '.308 BR' brass many years ago - whose purpose was mainly to be reformed into BR family cases rather than used as supplied - users in as-manufactured 308W form found that ignition was only just adequate with the primers and powders available at the time, so problems such as sudden poor accuracy and even hangfires arose under adverse conditions such as very low temperatures, or with some load combinations.
The Palma team report no such problems with their loads (VarGet?) even after putting cartridges in the freezer overnight before use. However, there might still be issues if you loaded a 'Palma' case with ball powders that need a stronger primer flame for reliable ignition, or if a 'regular' SR primer - CCI-400 and similar - were used.
One 'problem' that likely will survive though is that SR primers need a smaller diameter firing pin than LR varieties with a snug fit in the bolt -face or you usually get primer cratering and 'blanking' at normal working pressures limiting the load - not a problem in most modern long-range match rifles that use Barnard, RPA etc actions, but could require the firing pin turning down and the bolt bushed in Remington 700 and Winchester 70 actions (In the USA Gre-Tan has made an art out of this work).
While Palma team members did the 'field-testing' over a full competition season, you can be sure Lapua tested it exhaustively too and if they're putting it on the market, are 100% convinced it works, and offers benefits.
Unlike the Remy BR brass that was deliberately made with thin walls to facilitate re-forming into shorter cases, it is reported that the new Lapua stuff will be drawn identically to the standard version, and the only change will be to the primer pocket and flash-hole.
The new Lapua brass is also reportedly to be supplied in blue plastic containers that double up as ammunition boxes which hints that Lapua sees it as a premium product in marketing terms. That, and it's being a specialist, small production run product suggests it will not be cheap when it reaches the dealers' shelves next year! One imagines this will be top-line stuff though in terms of wall thickness consistency etc given its premium status.
No, Remington doesn't make this version of the case anymore, and hasn't for many (20? 30?) years. Like I said, the intention was for buyers to re-form it into BR cases hence made with very thin walls. Eventually the company started producing 7mm BR brass so the need for the .308 'basic' case disappeared. You've got some brass there that must be virtually collectors' items now!
Laurie,
York, England