Sub.sonic,
If you are looking for cartridges "off the shelf" meaning factory ammo, your choices are fairly limited. If you want to shoot to 1000 yds. with factory ammo, and good barrel life the .308 win. comes to mind. Federal Gold Metal ammo is the std which other factory ammo is compared to. 30-06 and .243 Win. also are excellent cartridges available off the shelf and readily available.
You are going to get a hundred opinions on different cartridges if you are looking for a cartridge you generally reload for. I'm not nearly in the class of some regular shooters who contribute here, but in general, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm and .30 calibers are most popular.
6XC, .243, 6.5 x 284, .284, and .308 are good "up to 1000 yd." choices with factory made brass and excellent bullets. .243 and 6.5 x 284 have barrel burner reputations but excellent performance. Check out the cartridge guides, they are excellent.
You are a little ahead of the game with a Savage action so you only need to change the bolt head to go to the larger cartridges. With the Savage barrel nut system you can buy prechambered barrels in virtually any caliber and have them installed easily.
On a seperate note regarding elevation increasing bases, when I started shooting 600 yds. some time ago, I was told by many people that most scopes could not go to 600 yds. with the amount of elevation they have. I can tell you that is pretty much false. I run an F-class league here in MN. Part of my program is to check all shooters and their equiment at 100 yds. before they can shoot at 300 and 600 yds. We start with a 100 yds. zero and go up 5 moa for 300 yds, then 11 moa more for a 600 yds. zero, all done at 100 yds. (I know most cartridges don't need 16 moa for 600 yds., but we do this for safety, a round high on the target is accountable, one that skips before the target is not) I have not had a scope with std. bases and I see some real bargain scopes, not be able to go 16 moa from a 100yds. zero. There may not be much elevation left, but every one has made it to 600 yds. 1000 yds. is a different game, requiring double the elevation and much better equipment.
Scott