For many years, my p. dog hunting partner and I shot the 243 AI as our longer range and windy day guns. We each carried two per trip on our two week trips, and made 4 trips per year. We put 1000 rounds per gun on each trip for a total of 8000 rounds of 243 AI fired per year between us.
I had my own reamer ground with minimum spec, .268 turn neck, zero freebore, and .2435 throat.
We had p. dog towns to shoot that were up to 13 miles long practically no one shot the towns but us.
Our load that we shot was 48.0-48.5g of Win 760, in a Rem 7/08 case, with a CCI-250 primer with my custom 70g Bullets@3850 fps out of 28-30 inch Hart Barrels.
In our shooting at that time, we would dump out a box of 50 and fire about as fast as you could load single shot and aim. At 50 rounds, we would grab another rifle. An average of 650-1100 rounds per day was normal shooting, depending on the weather conditions.
Our kind of shooting was very hard on barrels. We over heated the barrels constantly, and cooled the barrels by running water down the barrel.
Per 1000 rounds of HARD shooting, it was reasonable to get .070-.100 of leade growth.
We would set back the barrels at 1800-2000 rounds, never going over 2000 rounds. Set backs would be anywhere from 3/4"-2" depending on how the over size reamer pilots would fit in the barrel.
We shot unturned blanks, for the simple reason that they could be chopped off and re-chambered for at least twice, and some three times, the third time being a 6 BR. I ordered all my Hart Blanks 30" in length and finished lengths were usually 29".
Here's the deal, heavier bullets generate heat over a longer period of time. We used to shoot heavier bullets with 4350 and could not believe the leade growth. Shooting the 85's at 3550 out of the same barrels, would take out another .050 of leade. Also, it seemed that the lands would be thinned for further down the barrel.
Shooting the 60's at 4400 fps with Win 760 was less errosive than the 85's at 3550...go figure. The only thing that we could figure was that the heavier bullet was held in the throat area longer, thus cooking the barrel in this area...total WAG on our part.
One thing for sure, the 243 AI shooting the 70g weight of bullets is so accurate it is scary, over a wide range of powder charges and powder types.
I have yet to use my full length sizer on the 243 AI's with the 70's at 3850 out of those long Barrels. I changed from the 48.5g with the CCI-250's to 49.5g of 760 with the Win Mag primer and velocity jumped to 4030 fps still shooting bug holes. I just settled on 48.5g of 760 or AA2700 at 3850 because it is so easy on cases.
To be more specific on how long a barrel might last if you did not "set back" the barrel often, a lot would depend on several factors. One factor would be how long the leade or Freebore was on the reamer that cut the original chamber. Another major factor would be the type of powder you used and the weight of bullet that you shot. Of course, the type of barrel that you use may play a role. Firecracking sets up much faster in the chrome moly barrels vs the stainless barrels that we shot heck out of on p. dog towns.
Good luck and thanks for listening to my ramblings